在机器人和人类运营商之间分享自主权可以促进机器人任务示范的数据收集，以不断改进学习模型。然而，沟通意图的手段和关于未来的原因是人类和机器人之间的差异。我们介绍了辅助Tele-Op，虚拟现实（VR）系统，用于收集展示自主轨迹预测的机器人任务演示，以传达机器人的意图。随着机器人移动，用户可以在需要时切换自主和手动控制。这允许用户通过高成功率和比手动遥操作系统更轻松地收集任务演示。我们的系统由变压器供电，可以为未来提供潜在的状态和行动的窗口 - 几乎没有添加计算时间。密钥识别是，如果用户决定模型预测的操作是不合适的，则可以在变换器序列内的任何位置注入人类意图。在每次步骤中，用户可以（1）无所作为并允许自主操作在观察机器人的未来计划序列时继续，或者（2）接管并暂时规定不同一组动作以使模型返回到轨道上。我们在https://sites.google.com/view/assistive-teleop上托管视频和其他补充材料。

The availability of frequent and cost-free satellite images is in growing demand in the research world. Such satellite constellations as Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 provide a massive amount of valuable data daily. However, the discrepancy in the sensors' characteristics of these satellites makes it senseless to use a segmentation model trained on either dataset and applied to another, which is why domain adaptation techniques have recently become an active research area in remote sensing. In this paper, an experiment of domain adaptation through style-transferring is conducted using the HRSemI2I model to narrow the sensor discrepancy between Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2. This paper's main contribution is analyzing the expediency of that approach by comparing the results of segmentation using domain-adapted images with those without adaptation. The HRSemI2I model, adjusted to work with 6-band imagery, shows significant intersection-over-union performance improvement for both mean and per class metrics. A second contribution is providing different schemes of generalization between two label schemes - NALCMS 2015 and CORINE. The first scheme is standardization through higher-level land cover classes, and the second is through harmonization validation in the field.

Recent work in large language modeling (LLMs) has used fine-tuning to align outputs with the preferences of a prototypical user. This work assumes that human preferences are static and homogeneous across individuals, so that aligning to a a single "generic" user will confer more general alignment. Here, we embrace the heterogeneity of human preferences to consider a different challenge: how might a machine help people with diverse views find agreement? We fine-tune a 70 billion parameter LLM to generate statements that maximize the expected approval for a group of people with potentially diverse opinions. Human participants provide written opinions on thousands of questions touching on moral and political issues (e.g., "should we raise taxes on the rich?"), and rate the LLM's generated candidate consensus statements for agreement and quality. A reward model is then trained to predict individual preferences, enabling it to quantify and rank consensus statements in terms of their appeal to the overall group, defined according to different aggregation (social welfare) functions. The model produces consensus statements that are preferred by human users over those from prompted LLMs (>70%) and significantly outperforms a tight fine-tuned baseline that lacks the final ranking step. Further, our best model's consensus statements are preferred over the best human-generated opinions (>65%). We find that when we silently constructed consensus statements from only a subset of group members, those who were excluded were more likely to dissent, revealing the sensitivity of the consensus to individual contributions. These results highlight the potential to use LLMs to help groups of humans align their values with one another.

The demonstrated success of transfer learning has popularized approaches that involve pretraining models from massive data sources and subsequent finetuning towards a specific task. While such approaches have become the norm in fields such as natural language processing, implementation and evaluation of transfer learning approaches for chemistry are in the early stages. In this work, we demonstrate finetuning for downstream tasks on a graph neural network (GNN) trained over a molecular database containing 2.7 million water clusters. The use of Graphcore IPUs as an AI accelerator for training molecular GNNs reduces training time from a reported 2.7 days on 0.5M clusters to 1.2 hours on 2.7M clusters. Finetuning the pretrained model for downstream tasks of molecular dynamics and transfer to a different potential energy surface took only 8.3 hours and 28 minutes, respectively, on a single GPU.

Deep learning semantic segmentation algorithms have provided improved frameworks for the automated production of Land-Use and Land-Cover (LULC) maps, which significantly increases the frequency of map generation as well as consistency of production quality. In this research, a total of 28 different model variations were examined to improve the accuracy of LULC maps. The experiments were carried out using Landsat 5/7 or Landsat 8 satellite images with the North American Land Change Monitoring System labels. The performance of various CNNs and extension combinations were assessed, where VGGNet with an output stride of 4, and modified U-Net architecture provided the best results. Additional expanded analysis of the generated LULC maps was also provided. Using a deep neural network, this work achieved 92.4% accuracy for 13 LULC classes within southern Manitoba representing a 15.8% improvement over published results for the NALCMS. Based on the large regions of interest, higher radiometric resolution of Landsat 8 data resulted in better overall accuracies (88.04%) compare to Landsat 5/7 (80.66%) for 16 LULC classes. This represents an 11.44% and 4.06% increase in overall accuracy compared to previously published NALCMS results, including larger land area and higher number of LULC classes incorporated into the models compared to other published LULC map automation methods.

Machine learning tasks often require a significant amount of training data for the resultant network to perform suitably for a given problem in any domain. In agriculture, dataset sizes are further limited by phenotypical differences between two plants of the same genotype, often as a result of differing growing conditions. Synthetically-augmented datasets have shown promise in improving existing models when real data is not available. In this paper, we employ a contrastive unpaired translation (CUT) generative adversarial network (GAN) and simple image processing techniques to translate indoor plant images to appear as field images. While we train our network to translate an image containing only a single plant, we show that our method is easily extendable to produce multiple-plant field images. Furthermore, we use our synthetic multi-plant images to train several YoloV5 nano object detection models to perform the task of plant detection and measure the accuracy of the model on real field data images. Including training data generated by the CUT-GAN leads to better plant detection performance compared to a network trained solely on real data.

语言模型既展示了定量的改进，又展示了新的定性功能，随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响，但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息，为破坏性的新模型能力做准备，并改善社会有害的效果，至关重要的是，我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准（Big Bench）。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成，由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的，从语言学，儿童发展，数学，常识性推理，生物学，物理学，社会偏见，软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号，Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为，跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外，一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务，以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括：模型性能和校准都随规模改善，但绝对的术语（以及与评估者的性能相比）；在模型类中的性能非常相似，尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分，而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标；社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加，但这可以通过提示来改善。

自我监督的学习是一个强大的范例，用于在未标记的图像上学习。基于实例匹配的大量有效的新方法依赖于数据增强来推动学习，这些方法达成了优化流行识别基准的增强方案的粗略协议。但是，有强有力的理由可疑计算机视觉中的不同任务需要对不同（IN）差异进行编码的功能，因此可能需要不同的增强策略。在本文中，我们衡量了对比方法学到的修正学知识，并确认他们确实学会了与使用的增强的不变性，进一步表明，这一不变性大大转移到与姿势和照明的相关真实变化的变化很大程度上转移。我们展示了学习的InorRARCES强烈影响下游任务性能，并确认不同的下游任务从极性相反（IN）差异中受益，导致使用标准增强策略时的性能损失。最后，我们证明，具有互补的修正条件的表现简单融合可确保对所考虑的所有不同下游任务进行广泛的可转换性。

信号处理是几乎任何传感器系统的基本组件，具有不同科学学科的广泛应用。时间序列数据，图像和视频序列包括可以增强和分析信息提取和量化的代表性形式的信号。人工智能和机器学习的最近进步正在转向智能，数据驱动，信号处理的研究。该路线图呈现了最先进的方法和应用程序的关键概述，旨在突出未来的挑战和对下一代测量系统的研究机会。它涵盖了广泛的主题，从基础到工业研究，以简明的主题部分组织，反映了每个研究领域的当前和未来发展的趋势和影响。此外，它为研究人员和资助机构提供了识别新前景的指导。

人工推理通常可以理解为两个系统之间的相互作用：直观和关联（“系统1”）和审议和逻辑（“系统2”）。神经序列模型 - 在执行复杂，结构化任务时越来越成功 - 表现出系统1的优点和故障模式：它们是快速和学习数据的模式，但通常不一致和不连贯。在这项工作中，我们通过添加系统2-Inspired逻辑推理，寻求一种轻量级，无培训的手段来改善现有系统1样序列模型。我们探讨了该主题的几种变体，其中通过符号推理模块检查来自神经序列模型的候选几代，可以通过符号推理模块来接受或拒绝几代人。我们的方法使用神经推理来介导神经系统1和逻辑系统2.导致强大的故事生成和接地的指示，表明这种方法可以增加神经基代的一致性和准确性。